Information technology —
Spatial Reference Model (SRM)
Contents
1 Scope
3 Terms, definitions, symbols, and abbreviated terms
3.2 Notation, symbols and abbreviated terms
4 Concepts
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Spatial objects and object-space
4.3 Position-space and normal embeddings
4.4 Reference datums
4.6.1 Abstract coordinate systems
4.6.2 Temporal coordinate systems
4.6.3 Spatial coordinate systems
4.8 Designated spatial surfaces and vertical offsets
4.9 Spatial reference frame operations
4.10 Application program interface
4.11 SRM units
4.12 Profiles
4.13 Registration
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Preliminaries
5.3 Abstract CS
5.4 CS types
5.5 Coordinate surfaces, induced surface CSs, and coordinate curves
5.5.1 Introduction
5.5.2 Coordinate-component surfaces and induced surface CSs
5.5.3 Coordinate-component curves
5.6 CS properties
5.6.1 Linearity
5.6.2 Orthogonality
5.6.3 Linear CS properties: Cartesian, and orthonormal
5.6.4 CS right-handedness and coordinate-component ordering
5.7 CS localization
5.8 Map projection coordinate systems
5.8.1 Map projections
5.8.2 Map projection as a surface CS
5.8.3 Map projection geometry
5.8.4 Relationship to projection functions
5.8.5 Map projection CS common parameters
5.8.6 Augmented map projections
5.9.1 Specification table elements and common functions and parameters
5.9.2 Euclidean 3D CS specification
5.9.3 Lococentric Euclidean 3D CS specification
5.9.4 Spherical CS specification
5.9.5 Lococentric spherical CS specification
5.9.6 Azimuthal spherical CS specification
5.9.7 Lococentric azimuthal spherical CS specification
5.9.8 Geodetic 3D CS specification
5.9.9 Planetodetic 3D specification
5.9.10 Cylindrical CS specification
5.9.11 Lococentric cylindrical CS specification
5.9.12 Mercator CS specification
5.9.13 Oblique Mercator spherical CS specification
5.9.14 Transverse Mercator CS specification
5.9.15 Lambert conformal conic CS specification
5.9.16 Polar stereographic CS specification
5.9.17 Equidistant cylindrical CS specification
5.9.18 Surface geodetic CS specification
5.9.19 Surface planetodetic CS specification
5.9.20 Lococentric surface Euclidean CS specification
5.9.21 Lococentric surface azimuthal CS specification
5.9.22 Lococentric surface polar CS specification
5.9.23 Euclidean 2D CS specification
5.9.24 Lococentric Euclidean 2D CS specification
5.9.25 Azimuthal CS specification
5.9.26 Lococentric azimuthal CS specification
5.9.27 Polar CS specification
5.9.28 Lococentric polar CS specification
5.9.29 Euclidean 1D CS specification
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Temporal coordinate systems
6.2.1 Integrated and dynamic temporal coordinate systems
6.2.2 Universal time
6.2.3 International atomic time
6.2.4 Coordinated universal time
6.3 Specified temporal coordinate systems
6.4 Registered temporal coordinate systems
7 Reference datums, embeddings, and object reference models
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Reference datums
7.2.1 Introduction
7.2.2 Reference datums
7.2.3 Ellipsoidal RDs
7.2.4 RDs associated with physical objects
7.2.5 RD binding
7.3 Normal embeddings of position-space into object-space
7.3.1 Normal embeddings
7.3.2 Specification of 3D similarity transformations
7.3.3 Specification of 2D similarity transformations
7.4.1 Introduction
7.4.2 ORM
7.4.3 Binding constraint
7.4.4 ORM template
7.4.5 Standardized ORMs
7.5 Object binding rules for ORMT BI_AXIS_ORIGIN_3D realizations
7.5.1 Object binding rule set
7.5.2 Equatorial inertial
7.5.3 Solar ecliptic
7.5.4 Solar equatorial
7.5.5 Heliocentric Aries ecliptic
7.5.6 Heliocentric planet ecliptic
7.5.7 Heliocentric planet equatorial
7.5.8 Celestiomagnetic
7.5.9 Solar magnetic ecliptic
7.5.10 Solar magnetic dipole
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Spatial coordinate systems
8.3.1 Specification
8.3.2 SRF specification elements
8.4 SRF induced surface spatial reference frame
8.5 SRF templates
8.5.1 Introduction
8.5.2 Celestiocentric SRFT
8.5.3 Local space rectangular 3D SRFT
8.5.4 Celestiodetic SRFT
8.5.5 Planetodetic SRFT
8.5.6 Local tangent space Euclidean SRFT
8.5.7 Local tangent space azimuthal spherical SRFT
8.5.8 Local tangent space cylindrical SRFT
8.5.9 Lococentric Euclidean 3D SRFT
8.5.10 Celestiomagnetic SRFT
8.5.11 Equatorial inertial SRFT
8.5.12 Solar ecliptic SRFT
8.5.13 Solar equatorial SRFT
8.5.14 Solar magnetic ecliptic SRFT
8.5.15 Solar magnetic dipole SRFT
8.5.16 Heliospheric Aries ecliptic SRFT
8.5.17 Heliospheric Earth ecliptic SRFT
8.5.18 Heliospheric Earth equatorial SRFT
8.5.19 Mercator SRFT
8.5.20 Oblique Mercator spherical SRFT
8.5.21 Transverse Mercator SRFT
8.5.22 Lambert conformal conic SRFT
8.5.23 Polar stereographic SRFT
8.5.24 Equidistant cylindrical SRFT
8.5.25 Local space rectangular 2D SRFT
8.5.26 Local space azimuthal 2D SRFT
8.5.27 Local space polar 2D SRFT
8.6.1 Introduction
8.6.2 British national grid
8.6.3 UK ordnance survey GRS80 grid
8.6.4 Delaware (US) state plane coordinate system
8.6.5 Geocentric WGS 1984
8.6.6 Geodetic Australia 1984
8.6.7 Geodetic WGS 1984
8.6.8 Geodetic north american 1983
8.6.9 Irish grid
8.6.10 Irish transverse Mercator
8.6.11 Lambert-93
8.6.12 Lambert II étendu (Lambert II wide)
8.6.13 Mars planetocentric
8.6.14 Mars planetographic
8.6.15 Maryland (US) state plane coordinate system
8.7.1 Introduction
8.7.2 Alabama (US) state plane coordinate system
8.7.3 GTRS global coordinate system (GCS)
8.7.4 Japan plane coordinate system
8.7.5 Lambert NTF
8.7.6 Universal polar stereographic
8.7.7 Universal transverse Mercator
8.7.8 Wisconsin (US) state plane coordinate system
9 Designated spatial surfaces and vertical offsets
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Designated spatial surface
9.5 Vertical offset height and elevation
9.6 Use of vertical offset height in spatial referencing
9.7 Other vertical measurements
9.8 Geoidal and equipotential DSS specifications
10.1 Introduction
10.3 Operations on ORMs
10.3.1 Introduction
10.3.2 ORMs for a single object
10.3.3 Relating ORMs for different objects
10.4 Operations to change spatial coordinates between SRFs
10.4.1 Introduction
10.4.2 Change coordinate SRF operation
10.4.3 The matched normal embeddings case
10.4.4 Map projection SRF and celestiodetic SRF with matched normal embeddings case
10.4.5 Linear orthonormal 3D SRF to linear orthonormal 3D SRF cases
10.4.6 Changing abstract space linear SRF coordinates to a linear SRF in the space of another object
10.5 Spatial directions and change SRF operations on directions
10.5.1 Introduction
10.5.2 Specification of direction
10.5.3 Changing the reference coordinate of a direction
10.5.4 Changing the SRF representation of a direction
10.6 Euclidean distance
10.7 Geodesic distance and azimuth on an oblate ellipsoid
10.7.1 Introduction
10.7.2 Geodesic distance
10.7.3 Geodetic azimuth
11 Application program interface
11.1 Introduction
11.2.1 Overview
11.2.2 Abbreviations
11.2.3 Numbers
11.2.4 Logicals
11.2.5 Object_Reference
11.2.6 Enumerated data types
11.2.7 Selection data types
11.2.8 Array types
11.2.9 Structured data types
11.3 Object classes
11.3.1 Introduction
11.3.2 Class specification format
11.3.3 LifeCycleObject
11.3.4 Private objects
11.3.5 Abstract classes
11.3.6 SRF concrete subclasses of BaseSRF2D
11.3.7 SRF concrete subclasses of BaseSRF3D
11.3.8 SRF concrete subclasses of BaseSRFwithTangentPlaneSurface
11.3.9 SRF concrete subclass of BaseSRFwithEllipsoidalHeight
11.3.10 SRF concrete subclasses of BaseSRFMapProjection
11.4 Standard SRFs
11.5 SRF set classes
11.6 Implementation support query functions
11.7 Object inheritance hierarchy
11.8 Method precedence for life cycle objects and examples
11.9.1 Introduction
11.9.2 SRFT_Parameters
11.9.3 SRFS_Info
11.9.4 SRF_Parameters_Info_Code
11.9.5 SRF_Parameters_Info
11.9.6 SRF_Reference_Surface_Info
11.9.7 Coordinate structures
11.9.8 Spatial_Coordinate_Code
11.9.9 Coordinate
11.9.10 RD_Code
11.9.11 OBRS_Code
12 Profiles
12.1 Introduction
12.3 Default profile
13 Registration
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Specification elements for SRM registered items
13.2.1 Introduction
13.2.2 Label
13.2.3 Code
13.2.4 Description
13.2.5 References
13.3 Guidelines for specific SRM concepts
13.3.1 Guidelines for registration of abstract CSs
13.3.2 Guidelines for registration of temporal CSs
13.3.3 Guidelines for registration of RDs
13.3.4 Guidelines for registration of ORMTs
13.3.5 Guidelines for registration of ORMs
13.3.6 Guidelines for registration of RTs
13.3.7 Guidelines for registration of OBRSs
13.3.8 Guidelines for registration of SRFTs
13.3.9 Guidelines for registration of SRFs
13.3.10 Guidelines for registration of SRF sets and their members
13.3.11 Guidelines for registration of DSSs
13.3.12 Guidelines for registration of profiles
14 Conformance
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Functional implementation conformance
14.3 Conformance of exchange formats
14.4 Conformance of language bindings of the SRM API
14.5 Conformance of applications that use the SRM API
14.6 Conformance of specifications that reference this International Standard
Annex A Mathematical foundations
A.1 Introduction
A.3 The point set topology of Rn
A.6.1 Implicit definition
A.6.2 Ellipsoid surfaces
A.7 Smooth curves in Rn
A.7.1 Parametric definition
A.7.2 Implicit definition
A.7.3 Arc length and geodesic distance
A.8.1 Double argument arctangent function
A.8.2 Jacobian elliptic functions
A.9.1 Geometric projection functions into a developable surface
A.9.2 Planar projection functions
A.9.3 Cylindrical projection function
A.9.4 Conic projection function
Annex B Implementation notes
B.1 Introduction
B.2.1 Finite precision
B.2.2 Computational efficiency
B.2.3 Approximation
B.3 Guidelines for algorithm development for spatial operations
B.3.1 Introduction
B.3.2 The computational environment
B.3.3 Domain of application
B.3.4 Define a meaningful error measure
B.3.5 Avoid excessive computational accuracy
B.3.6 Determine the acceptable error before starting
B.3.7 Mathematical approaches
B.3.8 Good programming and formulation practices
B.3.9 Design in context
B.3.10 Software verification and computational error testing
B.3.11 Singularities and near singularities
B.3.12 Performance testing
B.4 Spherical reference models
B.5.1 Distortion considerations
B.5.2 Validity checking
B.7 Time dependent reference transformation examples
B.7.1 Introduction
B.7.2 Notation and terminology
B.7.3 Earth equatorial inertial reference transformation
B.7.4 Solar ecliptic reference transformation
Annex C Hierarchical diagrams for SRM concepts
C.1 Introduction
Annex D RDs associated with physical objects
D.1 Introduction
D.2 RDs
Annex E ORM specifications
E.1 Introduction
E.2 ORMs
E.2.1 Reference ORMs
E.2.2 Standardized ORMs
Annex F Abbreviations and acronyms used in the construction of labels
F.1 Introduction
F.2 Tables
Annex G Change and deprecation plan
G.1 Introduction
G.2 Change
G.3 Deprecation
G.3.1 Introduction
G.3.2 Deprecation of SRM standardized concept instances
G.3.3 Deprecation of SRM registered items
G.4 Reinstatement
G.4.1 Introduction
G.4.2 Reinstatement of SRM standardized concept instances
G.4.3 Reinstatement of SRM registered items
Annex H Templates for registration proposals
H.1 Introduction
H.2 Proposal for the registration of a CS
H.3 Proposal for the registration of a temporal CS
H.4 Proposal for the registration of an RD
H.5 Proposal for the registration of an ORMT
H.6 Proposal for the registration of an ORM
H.7 Proposal for the registration of a reference transformation
H.8 Proposal for the registration of an OBRS
H.9 Proposal for the registration of an SRFT
H.10 Proposal for the registration of an SRF
H.11 Proposal for the registration of an SRF set
H.12 Proposal for the registration of an DSS
H.13 Proposal for the registration of a profile
Annex I Conformance testing for SRF operations
I.1 Introduction
I.3 Spatial reference frame operations baseline
I.4 Implementations
I.5 Fundamental measure of conformance
I.6 Error metrics for spatial reference frame operations
I.7 Computational error evaluated over test data sets
Annex J Deprecated SRM concept instances
J.1 Introduction
J.2 RDs
J.3 ORMs
J.4 DSSs
Tables
Table 3.1 — Mathematical notation
Table 3.2 — Symbols
Table 3.3 — Abbreviated terms
Table 4.1 — Coordinate system types
Table 5.1 — CS types
Table 5.2 — Localization operators
Table 5.3 — Localization inverse operators
Table 5.4 — Localized CS type relationships
Table 5.5 — Coordinate system specification elements
Table 5.6 — Common parameters and functions of an oblate ellipsoid
Table 5.7 — CS specification directory
Table 5.8 — Euclidean 3D CS
Table 5.9 — Lococentric Euclidean 3D CS
Table 5.10 — Spherical CS
Table 5.11 — Lococentric spherical CS
Table 5.12 — Azimuthal spherical CS
Table 5.13 — Lococentric azimuthal spherical CS
Table 5.14 — Geodetic 3D CS
Table 5.15 — Planetodetic CS
Table 5.16 — Cylindrical CS
Table 5.17 — Lococentric cylindrical CS
Table 5.18 — Mercator CS
Table 5.19 — Oblique Mercator spherical CS
Table 5.20 — Transverse Mercator CS
Table 5.21 — Lambert conformal conic CS
Table 5.22 — Polar stereographic CS
Table 5.23 — Equidistant cylindrical CS
Table 5.24 — Surface geodetic CS
Table 5.25 — Surface planetodetic CS
Table 5.26 — Lococentric surface Euclidean CS
Table 5.27 — Lococentric surface azimuthal CS
Table 5.28 — Lococentric surface polar CS
Table 5.29 — Euclidean 2D CS
Table 5.30 — Lococentric Euclidean 2D CS
Table 5.31 — Azimuthal CS
Table 5.32 — Lococentric azimuthal CS
Table 5.33 — Polar CS
Table 5.34 — Lococentric polar CS
Table 5.35 — Euclidean 1D CS
Table 6.1 — Temporal coordinate system specification elements
Table 6.2 — International atomic time (TAI)
Table 6.3 — Coordinated universal time (UTC)
Table 7.1 — RD categories
Table 7.2 — RD specification elements
Table 7.3 — RD specification directory
Table 7.4 — 2D RDs of category point
Table 7.5 — 3D RDs of category point
Table 7.6 — 2D RDs of category directed curve
Table 7.7 — 3D RDs of category directed curve
Table 7.8 — 3D RDs of category oriented surface
Table 7.9 — Physical object RD specification elements
Table 7.10 — Physical RD specification table locations
Table 7.11 — ORMT specification elements
Table 7.12 — ORMT specification directory
Table 7.13 — 2D ORMT specifications
Table 7.14 — 3D ORMT specifications
Table 7.15 — ORM specification elements
Table 7.16 — Reference transformation specification elements
Table 7.17 — OBRS for ORMT BI_AXIS_ORIGIN_3D specification elements
Table 7.18 — OBRS for ORMT BI_AXIS_ORIGIN_3D specification directory
Table 7.19 — Equatorial inertial OBRS
Table 7.20 — Equatorial inertial ORM directory
Table 7.21 — Solar ecliptic OBRS
Table 7.22 — Solar ecliptic ORM directory
Table 7.23 — Solar equatorial OBRS
Table 7.24 — Solar equatorial ORM directory
Table 7.25 — Heliocentric Aries ecliptic OBRS
Table 7.26 — Heliocentric Aries ecliptic ORM directory
Table 7.27 — Heliocentric planet ecliptic OBRS
Table 7.28 — Heliocentric planet ecliptic ORM directory
Table 7.29 — Heliocentric planet equatorial OBRS
Table 7.30 — Heliocentric planet equatorial ORM directory
Table 7.31 — Celestiomagnetic OBRS
Table 7.32 — Celestiomagnetic ORM directory
Table 7.33 — Solar magnetic ecliptic OBRS
Table 7.34 — Solar magnetic ecliptic ORM directory
Table 7.35 — Solar magnetic dipole OBRS
Table 7.36 — Solar magnetic dipole ORM directory
Table 8.1 — Compatible CS types
Table 8.2 — SRFT specification elements
Table 8.3 — SRFT directory
Table 8.4 — Celestiocentric SRFT
Table 8.5 — Local space rectangular 3D SRFT
Table 8.6 — Celestiodetic SRFT
Table 8.7 — Planetodetic SRFT
Table 8.8 — Local tangent space Euclidean SRFT
Table 8.9 — Local tangent space azimuthal spherical SRFT
Table 8.10 — Local tangent space cylindrical SRFT
Table 8.11 — Lococentric Euclidean 3D SRFT
Table 8.12 — Celestiomagnetic SRFT
Table 8.13 — Equatorial inertial SRFT
Table 8.14 — Solar ecliptic SRFT
Table 8.15 — Solar equatorial SRFT
Table 8.16 — Solar magnetic ecliptic SRFT
Table 8.17 — Solar magnetic dipole SRFT
Table 8.18 — Heliospheric Aries ecliptic SRFT
Table 8.19 — Heliospheric Earth ecliptic SRFT
Table 8.20 — Heliospheric Earth equatorial SRFT
Table 8.21 — Mercator SRFT
Table 8.22 — Oblique Mercator spherical SRFT
Table 8.23 — Transverse Mercator SRFT
Table 8.24 — Lambert conformal conic SRFT
Table 8.25 — Polar stereographic SRFT
Table 8.26 — Equidistant cylindrical SRFT
Table 8.27 — Local space rectangular 2D SRFT
Table 8.28 — Local space azimuthal 2D SRFT
Table 8.29 — Local space polar 2D SRFT
Table 8.30 — Standardized SRF specification elements
Table 8.31 — Directory of standardized SRFs
Table 8.32 — British national grid SRF
Table 8.33 — UK ordnance survey GRS80 grid SRF
Table 8.34 — Delaware (US) state plane coordinate system SRF
Table 8.35 — Geocentric WGS 1984 SRF
Table 8.36 — Geodetic Australia 1984 SRF
Table 8.37 — Geodetic WGS 1984 SRF
Table 8.38 — Geodetic north american 1983 SRF
Table 8.39 — Irish grid SRF
Table 8.40 — Irish transverse Mercator SRF
Table 8.41 — Lambert-93 SRF
Table 8.42 — Lambert II étendu (Lambert II wide) SRF
Table 8.43 — Mars planetocentric SRF
Table 8.44 — Mars planetographic SRF
Table 8.45 — Maryland (US) state plane coordinate system SRF
Table 8.46 — SRF set specification elements
Table 8.47 — SRF set member specification elements
Table 8.48 — Directory of SRF sets
Table 8.49 — Alabama (US) state plane coordinate system SRF set
Table 8.50 — SRF set membership Alabama (US) state plane coordinate system
Table 8.51 — GTRS global coordinate system (GCS) SRF set
Table 8.52 — SRF set membership GTRS global coordinate system (GCS)
Table 8.53 — GTRS natural origin and valid-region by code index
Table 8.54 — Japan plane coordinate system SRF set
Table 8.55 — SRF set membership Japan plane coordinate system
Table 8.56 — Lambert NTF SRF set
Table 8.57 — SRF set membership Lambert NTF
Table 8.58 — Universal polar stereographic SRF set
Table 8.59 — SRF set membership Universal polar stereographic
Table 8.60 — Universal transverse Mercator SRF set
Table 8.61 — SRF set membership Universal transverse Mercator
Table 8.62 — Wisconsin (US) state plane coordinate system SRF set
Table 8.63 — SRF set membership Wisconsin (US) state plane coordinate
Table 9.1 — Geoidal and equipotential DSS specification elements
Table 9.2 — Geoidal and equipotential DSS specifications
Table 10.1 — Notation
Table 11.1 — SRFT abbreviations
Table 11.2 — Integer data types
Table 11.3 — Logical data type
Table 11.4 — Array data type notation
Table 11.5 — Class specification elements
Table 11.6 — LifeCycleObject
Table 11.7 — Coordinate3D
Table 11.8 — Coordinate2D
Table 11.9 — SurfaceCoordinate
Table 11.10 — Direction
Table 11.11 — Position3D
Table 11.12 — Position2D
Table 11.13 — BaseSRF
Table 11.14 — BaseSRF2D
Table 11.15 — BaseSRF3D
Table 11.16 — BaseSRFwithTangentPlaneSurface
Table 11.17 — BaseSRFwithEllipsoidalHeight
Table 11.18 — BaseSRFMapProjection
Table 11.19 — LocalSpaceRectangular2D
Table 11.20 — LocalSpaceAzimuthal
Table 11.21 — LocalSpacePolar
Table 11.22 — Celestiocentric
Table 11.23 — LocalSpaceRectangular3D
Table 11.24 — LococentricEuclidean3D
Table 11.25 — Celestiomagnetic
Table 11.26 — EquatorialInertial
Table 11.27 — SolarEcliptic
Table 11.28 — SolarEquatorial
Table 11.29 — SolarMagneticEcliptic
Table 11.30 — SolarMagneticDipole
Table 11.31 — HeliosphericAriesEcliptic
Table 11.32 — HeliosphericEarthEcliptic
Table 11.33 — HeliosphericEarthEquatorial
Table 11.34 — LocalTangentSpaceEuclidean
Table 11.35 — LocalTangentSpaceAzimuthalSpherical
Table 11.36 — LocalTangentSpaceCylindrical
Table 11.37 — Celestiodetic
Table 11.38 — Planetodetic
Table 11.39 — Mercator
Table 11.40 — ObliqueMercatorSpherical
Table 11.41 — TransverseMercator
Table 11.42 — LambertConformalConic
Table 11.43 — PolarStereographic
Table 11.44 — EquidistantCylindrical
Table 11.45 — CreateStandardSRF
Table 11.46 — CreateSRFSetMember
Table 11.47 — QuerySRFTSupport
Table 11.48 — QueryORMSupport
Table 12.1 — SRM profile specification elements
Table 12.2 — Default profile specification
Table D.1 — RD specification directory
Table D.2 — Oblate ellipsoid RD specifications
Table D.3 — Sphere RD specifications
Table D.4 — Prolate ellipsoid RD specifications
Table D.5 — Tri-axial ellipsoid RD specifications
Table E.1 — Reference ORM directory
Table E.2 — ORM specification directory
Table E.3 — Abstract ORM specifications
Table E.4 — Abstract ORM reference transformation specifications
Table E.5 — Object fixed ERM specifications
Table E.6 — Object fixed ERM reference transformation specifications
Table E.7 — Dynamic ERM specifications
Table E.8 — Time fixed instance of a dynamic ERM specifications
Table E.9 — Time fixed instance of a dynamic ERM reference transformation specifications
Table E.10 — Object fixed planet (non-Earth) ORM specifications
Table E.11 — Object fixed planet (non-Earth) ORM reference transformation specifications
Table E.12 — Dynamic planet (non-Earth) ORM specifications
Table E.13 — Time fixed instance of a dynamic planet (non-Earth) ORM specifications
Table E.14 — Time fixed instance of a dynamic planet (non-Earth) ORM reference transformation specifications
Table E.15 — Object fixed satellite ORM specifications
Table E.16 — Object fixed satellite ORM reference transformation specifications
Table E.17 — Time fixed instance of a dynamic satellite ORM specifications
Table E.18 — Time fixed instance of a dynamic satellite ORM reference transformation specifications
Table E.19 — Stellar ORM specifications
Table E.20 — Stellar ORM reference transformation specifications
Table E.21 — Dynamic stellar ORM specifications
Table E.22 — Time fixed instance of a dynamic stellar ORM specifications
Table E.23 — Time fixed instance of a dynamic stellar ORM reference transformation specifications
Table F.1 — Abbreviations and acronyms used in RDs
Table F.2 — Abbreviations and acronyms used in CSs
Table F.3 — Abbreviations and acronyms used in ORMTs
Table F.4 — Abbreviations and acronyms used in ORMs
Table F.5 — Abbreviations and acronyms used in RTs
Table F.6 — Abbreviations and acronyms used in SRFTs
Table F.7 — Abbreviations and acronyms used in SRFs
Table F.8 — Abbreviations and acronyms used in SRFSs
Table F.9 — Abbreviations and acronyms used in DSSs
Table H.1 — Common registration proposal specification elements
Table H.2 — Coordinate system registration proposal elements
Table H.3 — Temporal coordinate system registration proposal elements
Table H.4 — RD registration proposal elements
Table H.5 — ORMT registration proposal elements
Table H.6 — ORM registration proposal elements
Table H.7 — RT registration proposal elements
Table H.8 — OBRS registration proposal elements
Table H.9 — SRFT registration proposal elements
Table H.10 — SRF registration proposal elements
Table H.11 — SRF set registration proposal elements
Table H.12 — SRF set member registration proposal elements
Table H.13 — DSS registration proposal elements
Table H.14 — Profile registration proposal elements
Table J.1 — Deprecated RD specification directory
Table J.2 — Deprecated oblate ellipsoid RDs
Table J.3 — Deprecated sphere RDs
Table J.4 — Deprecated prolate ellipsoid RDs
Table J.5 — Deprecated tri-axial ellipsoid RDs
Table J.6 — Deprecated ORM specification directory
Table J.7 — Deprecated abstract object ORMs
Table J.8 — Deprecated object-fixed ERMs
Table J.9 — Deprecated dynamic ERMs
Table J.10 — Deprecated time-fixed instances of dynamic ERMs
Table J.11 — Deprecated object-fixed planet (non-Earth) ORMs
Table J.12 — Deprecated dynamic planet (non-Earth) ORMs
Table J.13 — Deprecated time-fixed instances of dynamic planet (non-Earth) ORMs
Table J.14 — Deprecated object-fixed satellite ORMs
Table J.15 — Deprecated dynamic satellite ORMs
Table J.16 — Deprecated time-fixed instances of dynamic satellite ORMs
Table J.17 — Deprecated object-fixed stellar ORMs
Table J.18 — Deprecated dynamic stellar ORMs
Table J.19 — Deprecated time-fixed instances of dynamic stellar ORMs
Table J.20 — Deprecated DSSs
Figures
Figure 4.1 — SRM conceptual relationships
Figure 4.2 — Two position-space normal embeddings
Figure 4.3 — An ellipsoid reference datum
Figure 4.4 — A reference datum bound to abstract and physical object-spaces
Figure 4.5 — A reference datum binding
Figure 4.6 — An object reference model
Figure 4.7 — The polar coordinate system geometric and trigonometric relationships
Figure 4.8 — The polar coordinate system generating function
Figure 4.9 — The surface geodetic coordinate system geometric and trigonometric relationships
Figure 4.10 — The geodetic coordinate system geometric and trigonometric relationships
Figure 4.11 — A normal embedding of an abstract coordinate system
Figure 4.12 — Two spatial coordinate systems for the same object-space
Figure 4.13 — A vertical offset surface for ellipsoidal height
Figure 4.14 — Change of SRF representation
Figure 5.1 — Polar CS geometry
Figure 5.2 — The polar CS generating function
Figure 5.3 — Geodetic 3D CS geometry, and coordinate-component surface and curves
Figure 5.4 — The generating function of a map projection
Figure 5.5 — Geodetic azimuths α12 from p1 to p2 and α34 from p3 to p4
Figure 5.6 — Convergence of the meridian
Figure 5.7 — Polar stereographic map projection
Figure 5.8 — Tangent and secant cylindrical map projections
Figure 5.9 — Tangent and secant conical map projections
Figure 5.10 — Vertical distortion
Figure 7.1 — Oblate and prolate ellipsoids
Figure 7.2 — An RD bound to an abstract object and to a real object
Figure 7.3 — A right-handed normal embedding
Figure 7.4 — 3D normal embedding relationships
Figure 7.5 — Rotation between E1 and E2 in two conventions
Figure 7.6 — Oblate ellipsoid ORMT binding
Figure 7.7 — Equatorial inertial OBRS
Figure 7.8 — Solar ecliptic ORM binding
Figure 7.9 — Solar equatorial ORM binding
Figure 7.10 — Heliocentric Aries ecliptic ORM binding
Figure 7.11 — Heliocentric planet ecliptic OBRS
Figure 7.12 — Heliocentric planet equatorial OBRS
Figure 7.13 — Celestiomagnetic ORM binding
Figure 7.14 — Solar magnetic ecliptic ORM binding
Figure 7.15 — Solar magnetic dipole ORM binding
Figure 8.1 — A spatial embedding of a surface CS
Figure 8.2 — Local tangent space Euclidean SRF
Figure 9.1 — Vertical offset surface for ellipsoidal height
Figure 9.2 — Vertical offset surface tangent plane
Figure 9.3 — Geoidal separation
Figure 9.4 — Vertical coordinate-component with respect to a vertical offset surface
Figure 9.5 — Orthometric height and elevation
Figure 10.1 — Composed transformations
Figure 10.2 — Change coordinate SRF operation
Figure 10.3 — Coordinate-space and position-space directions compared
Figure 11.1 — Object inheritance hierarchy
Figure A.1 — Tangent to a curve
Figure A.2 — Angle between two curves
Figure A.3 — Tangent plane to a surface
Figure A.4 — Orthographic projection
Figure A.5 — Perspective projection
Figure A.6 — Stereographic projection
Figure A.7 — Cylindrical projection
Figure A.8 — Conic projection
Figure C.1 — SRM concepts and their relationships
Figure C.2 — 3D RDs
Figure C.3 — 3D ORMT components
Figure C.4 — 3D ORM examples